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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Comparative Effects of Injectable Biostimulatory Agents (Calcium Hydroxyapatite, New Cellular Treatment Factor, VAMP, and Human Exosomes) and Their Combination on Skin Regeneration.

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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
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Human Derived Exosome Injections (ASCE+ vs. CELLEXOSOME) Enhance Collagen Remodeling and Angiogenesis in Intact Skin:

Noury Adel1, Jack Kolenda2, Francisco Llano3

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialist, Private Practice, Cairo, Egypt.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
|March 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Human exosomes enhance skin by boosting collagen and blood vessels. ASCE+ Exosome formulation showed greater effectiveness than Cell Exosome in promoting skin rejuvenation.

Keywords:
CD34dermal regenerationexosomesextracelluar matrixmatriosomesecretomesskin regenerationskin rejuvenation

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and regenerative medicine
  • Cellular biology and tissue engineering
  • Aesthetic and anti-aging treatments

Background:

  • Human exosomes are recognized for their potential in skin quality enhancement via collagen remodeling and angiogenesis.
  • While their efficacy in wound healing is known, their impact on intact skin requires further investigation.
  • Exosome activity is dictated by their molecular contents, including growth factors and microRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effects of two distinct human-derived exosome formulations on dermal structure and vascularity in non-injured skin.
  • To compare the efficacy of Cell Exosome and ASCE+ Exosome in modulating skin architecture.
  • To investigate the potential of exosome therapy for skin rejuvenation.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-six male Syrian golden hamsters were randomized into four groups: control, saline, Cell Exosome, and ASCE+ Exosome.
  • Skin biopsies were analyzed at multiple time points post-injection using histological and immunohistochemical methods.
  • Dermal architecture, collagen organization, and microvascular density were quantitatively assessed in a blinded manner.

Main Results:

  • Control and saline groups exhibited no significant changes, indicating normal tissue maintenance.
  • Cell Exosome treatment led to moderate increases in collagen deposition and vascularity.
  • ASCE+ Exosome demonstrated significantly greater increases in collagen density and microvascular counts compared to Cell Exosome.

Conclusions:

  • Intradermal injection of human-derived exosomes effectively stimulates collagen remodeling and angiogenesis in intact skin.
  • ASCE+ Exosome formulation proved more potent than Cell Exosome in enhancing skin parameters.
  • Exosome-based therapies represent promising, minimally invasive options for skin rejuvenation.