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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Size Exclusion Chromatography for Separating Extracellular Vesicles from Conditioned Cell Culture Media

Size Exclusion Chromatography for Separating Extracellular Vesicles from Conditioned Cell Culture Media

Published on: May 13, 2022

A One-Step Workflow for Size-Based Separation of Extracellular Vesicles With Integrated Surface Marker Detection.

Lien Lippens^1,2,3, Niké Guilbert^1,2, Sofie Van Dorpe^1,2,3

¹Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair Ghent University Ghent Belgium.

Journal of Extracellular Biology

|March 6, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new one-step workflow analyzes extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their biomarkers in small biofluid volumes. This method enhances speed and reduces variability for cancer diagnostics using liquid biopsies.

Keywords:

AF4 biomarker cancer extracellular vesicles field‐flow fractionation liquid biopsy

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Optimization of Flow Cytometric Sorting Parameters for High-Throughput Isolation and Purification of Small Extracellular Vesicles

Optimization of Flow Cytometric Sorting Parameters for High-Throughput Isolation and Purification of Small Extracellular Vesicles

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Size Exclusion Chromatography for Separating Extracellular Vesicles from Conditioned Cell Culture Media

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Published on: May 13, 2022

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Published on: July 26, 2022

Optimization of Flow Cytometric Sorting Parameters for High-Throughput Isolation and Purification of Small Extracellular Vesicles

Optimization of Flow Cytometric Sorting Parameters for High-Throughput Isolation and Purification of Small Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Biomarker Discovery
Nanotechnology

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial biomarkers in liquid biopsies for disease diagnosis, particularly cancer.
Current EV analysis requires extensive pre-purification from large biofluid volumes, causing delays and variability.
There is a need for rapid, sensitive, and reproducible methods for EV biomarker characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a streamlined, one-step workflow for simultaneous size and surface marker analysis of EVs.
To enable EV biomarker detection in minute volumes of complex biological fluids.
To assess the workflow's potential for early cancer detection and patient stratification.

Main Methods:

Coupling asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and a fluorescent light detector (FLD).
Optimization of the AF4-MALS-FLD system for analyzing EV surface markers (CD9, CD63, CD81) and cancer biomarkers (PSMA, EpCAM, HER2).
Application of the workflow to diverse sample types: purified EVs, cell culture supernatant, urine, and blood plasma.

Main Results:

The AF4-MALS-FLD workflow successfully characterized EV size and surface markers in various biofluids.
Detection of prostate cancer biomarkers (PSMA) in patient urine samples was achieved.
Discrimination between breast cancer patients and healthy donors was demonstrated by quantifying specific EV biomarkers in plasma.

Conclusions:

The one-step AF4-MALS-FLD workflow offers a rapid and robust method for extracellular vesicle biomarker detection.
This approach significantly reduces sample volume requirements and technical variability in EV analysis.
The workflow shows promise for advancing liquid biopsy applications in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine.