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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
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High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Mouth Rinsing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mickey Wai-Kit Suen1,2, Jaclyn Hei Tsang3, Po-San Wong4

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
|March 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mouth rinsing with carbohydrate, caffeine, or menthol did not significantly improve high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. This systematic review found no evidence supporting mouth rinses as an ergogenic aid for this type of exercise.

Keywords:
ergogenic aidsinterval exerciseoral sensingtaste receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Emerging ergogenic aids like carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine (CAF), and menthol (MEN) mouth rinses offer potential performance benefits without ingestion risks.
  • Limited evidence exists on their specific effects on high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of mouth rinsing (CHO, CAF, and/or MEN) on HIIE performance.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across seven databases up to June 2025.
  • Twenty randomized crossover studies were included, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of different mouth rinse solutions on HIIE outcomes.

Main Results:

  • No significant improvements in overall HIIE performance were found for CHO, CAF, or combined CHO + CAF mouth rinses.
  • Subgroup analyses for power output, total distance, and sprint time also showed no significant differences.
  • Menthol mouth rinse did not enhance performance in hot environments, despite reporting a cooling sensation.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support mouth rinsing as an ergogenic strategy for HIIE performance.
  • Further research is required to determine optimal protocols (type, timing, frequency) for potential HIIE applications.