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Fingerprints Encode Risk for Bipolarity.

Raymond Salvador1,2, María Ángeles García-León3, Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez2,4,5

  • 1FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.

Bipolar Disorders
|March 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fingerprint abnormalities are present in bipolar disorder, as shown by predictive algorithms. These findings suggest a shared neurodevelopmental origin for fingerprint patterns and psychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
bipolar disorderdeep learningdifferential diagnosisfingerprintspremorbid IQprenatal abnormalitiesschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fingerprint patterns develop prenatally and share embryogenic origins with the central nervous system.
  • Prenatal abnormalities are linked to an increased risk for schizophrenia.
  • Previous research developed fingerprint-based algorithms with up to 70% accuracy for schizophrenia prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply previously developed fingerprint-based algorithms to a sample of patients with bipolar disorder.
  • To validate the algorithms' predictive power in bipolar disorder.
  • To explore the relationship between fingerprint algorithm outcomes and premorbid IQ scores.

Main Methods:

  • Algorithms validated on schizophrenia patients (N=127) and healthy controls (N=116).
  • Algorithms applied to bipolar disorder patients (N=118) against healthy controls.
  • Premorbid IQ scores collected and analyzed for correlation with algorithm results.

Main Results:

  • Algorithm validation for schizophrenia yielded accuracies of 57%-68%.
  • Algorithms showed predictive power for bipolar disorder with accuracies of 55%-68%.
  • Discrimination between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder was limited (47%-57% accuracy).
  • Significant negative correlations found between algorithm probabilities and premorbid IQ in schizophrenia and the total sample.

Conclusions:

  • Fingerprint abnormalities are associated with bipolar disorder, indicating a neurodevelopmental link.
  • Fingerprint analysis shows potential for predicting neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Current algorithms lack specificity for differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, necessitating new algorithm development.