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YY1 Interacts with Promoter R-Loops to Regulate Transcription.

Xiaomei He1,2, Jun Yuan2, Lin Li2

  • 1Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353, United States.

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|March 10, 2026
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Researchers discovered that the protein YY1 binds to R-loops, which are crucial for gene regulation and genome stability. This interaction influences gene expression, revealing a new mechanism in cellular processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • R-loops are nucleic acid structures critical for gene regulation and maintaining genome stability.
  • Understanding the proteins that interact with R-loops is key to elucidating their dynamic functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify proteins that bind to R-loops and understand their role in gene regulation.
  • To investigate the mechanisms governing R-loop dynamics through protein interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized APEX-based proximity labeling to profile the R-loop proximal proteome.
  • Integrated proteomic data with bioinformatic predictions and biochemical characterizations.
  • Employed CRISPR-dCas9/gRNA for localized R-loop induction and ChIP-seq/RNA-seq for transcriptional analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified YY1 (Yin Yang 1) as a novel R-loop-binding protein.
  • Demonstrated enhanced YY1 occupancy at genomic loci with induced R-loops.
  • Revealed that YY1-R-loop interactions at promoters broadly regulate gene transcription.

Conclusions:

  • YY1 is a novel protein that interacts with R-loops.
  • The interaction between YY1 and R-loops plays a significant role in modulating gene expression.
  • This study provides new insights into the regulatory roles of R-loops and their associated proteins.