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Organ-on-a-Chip Devices to Simulate the Dentin-Pulp Complex: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Josefa Baeza-Fernández1, Cristina Bucchi2,3
1Master Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|March 10, 2026
Summary
Researchers explored microfluidic devices for dentin-pulp complex research. Current models show high variability and often use static cultures, limiting their physiological relevance for dental research.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Translational Dentistry
- Microfluidics in Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Microfluidic devices offer promising platforms for simulating biological environments.
- The dentin-pulp complex presents unique challenges for in vitro modeling due to its intricate structure and cellular composition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the development and application of microfluidic devices mimicking the dentin-pulp complex.
- To identify current trends, limitations, and future directions in this research area.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed across major electronic databases.
- In vitro studies focusing on microfluidic devices for the dentin-pulp interface were included.
- Device design, fabrication, interface characteristics, culture methods, outcomes, and measurement techniques were analyzed using the QUIN tool for bias assessment.
Main Results:
- Five studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing significant variability in device design, fabrication, and channel characteristics.
- Most studies utilized static culture conditions, with only one incorporating dynamic fluid flow.
- Key outcomes measured included cell viability, odontoblastic morphology, and metabolic activity.
Conclusions:
- The current body of research on microfluidic models of the dentin-pulp complex is limited and exhibits substantial heterogeneity in fabrication, design, and materials.
- The predominant use of static cultures, despite the known benefits of dynamic flow, hinders the development of physiologically accurate models.
- Future research necessitates the integration of dynamic flow systems and comprehensive reporting standards to enhance reproducibility and create more relevant in vitro models for dental research.
