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Related Concept Videos

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
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Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract

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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
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Functional Divisions of the Nervous System01:23

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
The sensory division transmits information from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS. It provides the CNS with knowledge about somatic senses (such as tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations)...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse
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Enteric nervous system in exercise physiology: a microbiota-neural interface.

Hui-Ling Chen1,2, Jia-Ting Huang1,2, Jian-Jun Guo3

  • 1Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Npj Metabolic Health and Disease
|March 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) rapidly regulates gut function during exercise, explaining performance variations. This system integrates signals in real-time, unlike slower microbiota metabolites, and influences exercise adaptation through neuro-enteric phenotypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Microbiome research

Background:

  • Individual exercise responses vary significantly, with underlying biological mechanisms poorly understood.
  • Microbiota metabolites act too slowly to explain rapid exercise-induced physiological changes.
  • A rapid regulatory system is needed to explain real-time gut and performance adaptations during exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the enteric nervous system (ENS) as a key regulator of real-time exercise responses.
  • To review the ENS's role in modulating gut function and microbiota during exercise.
  • To introduce neuro-enteric phenotypes to explain inter-individual variability in exercise tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on the ENS, gut microbiota, and exercise physiology.
  • Analysis of evidence for ENS modulation of gut motility, barrier function, and microbial ecology.
  • Examination of ENS crosstalk with the microbiota and its signaling pathways to muscle and brain.

Main Results:

  • The ENS integrates mechanical, immune, and microbial signals in real-time during exercise.
  • The ENS modulates gut motility, barrier function, and microbial ecology during physical activity.
  • The ENS communicates bidirectionally with the gut microbiota and relays signals to the brain and muscles.

Conclusions:

  • The ENS plays a critical role in rapid, real-time physiological adjustments to exercise.
  • Neuro-enteric phenotypes offer a framework for understanding individual differences in exercise performance and adaptation.
  • Targeting the ENS may represent a novel strategy for optimizing exercise tolerance and outcomes.