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Engineered Electrotherapy Platforms: Integrating Electroactive Materials for Precision Cancer Therapy.

Yichi Cai1, Shumin Sun1, Jihu Nie1

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Bioengineered electrotherapy uses electric fields for precise cancer treatment. Advances in nanomaterials and biomaterials enhance electron delivery, disrupt cancer cells, and modulate the tumor microenvironment for improved outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Physiological electric fields inspire electro-mediated cancer therapies.
  • Combining biomaterials and nanotechnology enhances electrotherapy for targeted cancer treatment.
  • Bioengineered electrotherapy offers deep tissue penetration and spatiotemporal precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in bioengineered electrotherapy for cancer treatment.
  • To summarize key technologies and therapeutic mechanisms.
  • To highlight the role of biomedical engineering in advancing electrotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electroporation, triboelectric nanogenerators, electrochemical systems, and eddy currents.
  • Analysis of nanomaterial engineering strategies (heterojunctions, defect engineering, surface modification).
  • Discussion of intelligent biohybrid platforms for energy delivery and immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Electrotherapy disrupts cancer cell proliferation via membrane modulation, ion channel interference, and metabolic perturbation.
  • Biomaterial-enhanced electroporation enables precise drug/cytokine delivery.
  • Electrical stimulation modulates the tumor microenvironment by generating heat, therapeutic gases (H2, H2S, NO), and reactive oxygen species.

Conclusions:

  • Biomedical engineering is crucial for advancing electrotherapeutic technologies.
  • Nanomaterial engineering optimizes charge transfer for enhanced electrical effects.
  • Integration of bioactive materials, biotechnological tools, and precision electrical paradigms addresses oncology challenges.