Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

313
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
313
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.9K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.9K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

4.6K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.6K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

637
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
637
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.9K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.9K
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

845
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
845

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Anabolic treatment in geriatric patients with osteoporosis].

Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie·2026
Same author

[Diagnosis and management of diabetes and co-existing osteoporosis (Update 2026)].

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2026
Same author

Digitally enhanced fracture liaison service in Austria-a feasibility analysis.

Archives of osteoporosis·2026
Same author

Effects of high-dose methotrexate on bone metabolism: A narrative literature review.

Bone reports·2026
Same author

Drug-Induced Osteoporosis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Heart Failure but Not Myocardial Infarction Is Causing Bone Loss in Rodent Models in an FGF23-Independent Manner.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

89.0K

Low-Dose Methotrexate and Bone Health: Pathophysiological and Clinical Perspectives.

Anton Sokhan1, Judith Haschka1, Zora Messner2

  • 11st Medical Department, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-dose methotrexate (LD-MTX) can paradoxically harm bone by impairing osteoblasts and promoting bone breakdown, despite its anti-inflammatory benefits. This review highlights the underrecognized risk of LD-MTX osteopathy and calls for better diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
fracturemethotrexateosteoblastosteoclastosteopathy

More Related Videos

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

12.2K
Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
06:00

Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: September 13, 2017

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

89.0K
A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

12.2K
Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
06:00

Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: September 13, 2017

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Bone Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
  • Its anti-inflammatory effects can mitigate disease-related bone loss.
  • However, potential adverse effects of low-dose methotrexate (LD-MTX) on bone are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular and cellular effects of LD-MTX on bone tissue.
  • To critically examine data on LD-MTX-associated osteopathy.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of 71 selected studies from 451 retrieved articles.
  • Synthesis of evidence on MTX's impact on bone cells and microarchitecture.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding LD-MTX osteopathy.

Main Results:

  • LD-MTX can negatively affect bone by causing osteoblast dysfunction, increasing osteoclastogenesis, and damaging endothelium.
  • These effects may lead to impaired bone microarchitecture, delayed healing, and insufficiency fractures.
  • LD-MTX osteopathy is potentially underdiagnosed due to limited awareness and understanding.

Conclusions:

  • While beneficial for inflammation, LD-MTX poses risks to bone health.
  • Further research is crucial for establishing diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for LD-MTX osteopathy.
  • Improved understanding of pathophysiology is needed for better patient outcomes.