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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma: Biological Behavior, Clinical Challenges and Therapeutic Limitations.

Felisbina Pereira Queiroga1,2, Ana Margarida Marques1, Hugo Gregório2,3,4

  • 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma, a common aggressive tumor in dogs, often presents late, leading to poor outcomes. Current treatments offer limited survival benefits, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
canine splenic hemangiosarcomachemotherapydiagnosismetastasisprognosisvascular tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Oncology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma is a frequent, highly malignant vascular tumor in dogs.
  • Its aggressive nature involves rapid growth, invasiveness, and early metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis.
  • Clinical presentation is often delayed until splenic rupture and hemoperitoneum, hindering early diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological and pathophysiological aspects of canine splenic hemangiosarcoma.
  • To discuss diagnostic and staging challenges.
  • To critically evaluate current therapeutic strategies and their limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating biological behavior, clinical evidence, and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Analysis of current treatment modalities including splenectomy, chemotherapy, and emerging therapies.

Main Results:

  • Splenectomy provides palliative care for hemorrhage but does not improve long-term survival.
  • Adjuvant doxorubicin chemotherapy offers only modest survival gains.
  • Alternative therapies like metronomic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted treatments have not shown consistent clinical benefits.

Conclusions:

  • The aggressive biology and late clinical presentation of canine splenic hemangiosarcoma contribute to poor outcomes.
  • Current therapeutic approaches have limited impact on long-term survival.
  • There is a critical need for developing more effective strategies to improve clinical outcomes for dogs with this disease.