From Synthesis to Therapeutics: Bioactive-Coated Zein Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biotechnology
• Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

• Polymeric zein nanoparticles (ZNP) are biodegradable drug carriers derived from corn protein.
• Their amphiphilic nature enables encapsulation of diverse drug types, but physiological pH instability limits efficacy.
• Protective coatings are crucial for enhancing ZNP absorption and therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review synthesis methods for zein nanoparticles (ZNP).
• To explore coating materials for ZNP stabilization and enhanced drug delivery.
• To summarize the biological activities and nanomedicine potential of coated ZNP.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on zein nanoparticle synthesis and coating.
• Analysis of common synthesis techniques, focusing on the antisolvent method.
• Evaluation of biological activities reported for coated ZNP in vitro and in vivo.

Main Results:

• The antisolvent method is the most prevalent ZNP synthesis technique due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness.
• Chitosan is identified as a preferred coating material for ZNP.
• Zein nanoparticles exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and immunogenic properties.

Conclusions:

• Bioactive-coated zein nanoparticles (ZNP) demonstrate significant potential in nanomedicine.
• Coated ZNP offer enhanced bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and targeted drug delivery capabilities.
• Further research into ZNP coatings can optimize their therapeutic applications.