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Related Concept Videos

Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting01:18

Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting

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The guidelines and strategies provided by the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) offer essential principles for ensuring safe and secure computer charting systems in healthcare settings. Let's break down each recommendation:
Maintain Confidentiality and Security:
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Traditional Level Of Health Care System01:26

Traditional Level Of Health Care System

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The levels of care describe the services provided in the healthcare system. Accordingly, there are six levels of the traditional healthcare system in the US: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing healthcare. A nurse must understand how the healthcare industry organizes and provides services within these levels of care.
The preventive healthcare service includes tests for screening. Preventive health care services include identifying and reducing disease risk...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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Published on: August 1, 2019

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Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening Follow-up: A Study of an Inpatient Screening Program.

Connie Cai1, Lynn Richards-McDonald2, Cornelia L Trimble3

  • 1From the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Many inpatients with abnormal Pap tests do not follow up. Providing housing and transportation assistance can improve cervical cancer screening follow-up rates, especially for those experiencing homelessness.

Keywords:
cervical cancercontinuity of patient carehealth services accessibilitylost to follow-uppapanicolaou testsocial determinants of health

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E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer screening is crucial for early detection.
  • Inpatient screening programs offer a unique opportunity to reach diverse patient populations.
  • Follow-up care after abnormal Pap tests is essential but often challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine follow-up rates for abnormal Pap test results among inpatients.
  • To identify factors associated with poor follow-up care.
  • To inform targeted interventions for improving cervical cancer screening continuity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 997 inpatients screened through the Johns Hopkins Cervical Cancer Screening Program (CCSP) between 2018 and 2023.
  • Statistical analysis to identify predictors of follow-up, including history of homelessness and transportation assistance.
  • Calculation of odds ratios (OR) to quantify associations.

Main Results:

  • 20.7% of screened patients had abnormal Pap tests.
  • 54.5% of patients with abnormal results did not follow up.
  • Homelessness was associated with significantly lower follow-up rates (OR: 0.35).
  • Transportation assistance increased likelihood of follow-up (OR: 2.98), particularly for homeless individuals (OR: 4.84).

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of inpatients with abnormal Pap tests do not receive recommended follow-up care.
  • Targeted interventions addressing housing and transportation barriers are critical.
  • Integrating assistance programs into inpatient protocols can enhance cervical cancer screening effectiveness and care continuity.