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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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In Situ Formed Pt-Ga Hetero Duo-Atomic Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Storage in N-Heterocycles.

Luning Chen1, Simran Kumari, Huihuang Fang2

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We developed a novel hetero duo-atomic catalyst (DAC) for liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) that significantly improves hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency. This advanced catalyst overcomes limitations of previous technologies, offering superior performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Efficient catalysts are crucial for liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) in hydrogen storage and transportation.
  • Nanoparticle catalysts have low metal utilization, and single-atom catalysts (SAC) have limitations with isolated active sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel catalyst with enhanced activity, selectivity, stability, and recyclability for N-heterocycle hydrogen storage.
  • To investigate the role of gallium in the catalytic process.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a hetero duo-atomic catalyst (DAC), Pt1-Ga1/CeO2.
  • Testing the catalyst's performance in dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of LOHCs.
  • Comparison with Pt1/CeO2 SAC.

Main Results:

  • The Pt1-Ga1/CeO2 DAC demonstrated exceptional activity, selectivity, stability, and recyclability.
  • Gallium was identified as a critical mediator in C-H bond activation.
  • The DAC enhanced metal utilization and overcame SAC limitations for larger substrates compared to Pt1/CeO2 SAC.

Conclusions:

  • The hetero duo-atomic catalyst (DAC) presents a promising strategy for efficient LOHC applications.
  • This approach offers improved metal utilization and performance over traditional catalysts.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced hydrogen storage solutions.