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High-aperture piezo-driven liquid tunable lens with real-time feedback control.
Applied Optics
|March 17, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a real-time feedback controller for piezo-driven tunable lenses, overcoming limitations like hysteresis and creep. The controller achieves precise, linear lens control with fast response times.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Control Systems Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Piezo-driven tunable lenses offer advantages like high aperture and fast response.
- However, piezoelectric actuator hysteresis and creep hinder precision and real-time control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a real-time feedback controller for piezo-driven tunable lenses.
- To linearize system response and enable efficient linear control algorithms.
Main Methods:
- Leveraging the direct piezoelectric effect for feedback control.
- Implementing the controller on an FPGA for high-speed processing.
- Utilizing finite element simulations for integrated sensor design.
- Conducting full opto-electro-mechanical characterization for validation.
Main Results:
- Achieved a settling time of 0.88 ms.
- Demonstrated <0.5% RMS tracking error.
- Showcased high fidelity, bandwidth, and linearity in lens control.
Conclusions:
- The developed controller effectively linearizes piezo-driven tunable lens response.
- Enables precise, high-speed, and reliable optical system control.
- Validates the integrated sensor design and controller performance.
