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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Interferometry
    • Phase Measurement

    Background:

    • Accurate optical phase derivative retrieval is crucial for analyzing transparent materials.
    • Traditional methods often require mechanical scanning or monochromatic light sources, limiting real-time applications.
    • Broadband illumination offers potential for faster, more versatile interferometric systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a polarization-encoded interferometric system for single-exposure optical phase derivative measurement.
    • To utilize broadband illumination for real-time, non-scanning phase sensing of static and dynamic transparent samples.
    • To evaluate the system's stability, repeatability, and performance across different spectral channels.

    Main Methods:

    • A polarized cyclic-path interferometer (PCPI) combined with a replication stage was employed.
    • Broadband illumination was used, with phase reconstruction performed independently for RGB color channels.
    • Four phase-shifted interferograms were generated with nominal π/2 phase steps for phase retrieval.

    Main Results:

    • The system successfully retrieved optical phase derivatives in a single exposure under broadband illumination.
    • Effective phase retrieval was achieved in the green and red channels, functioning as a two-wavelength system.
    • The approach demonstrated robustness and repeatability over 100 measurements, validated with static and dynamic samples.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed polarization-encoded interferometric system enables real-time, channel-selective phase-derivative sensing.
    • Broadband illumination combined with PCPI offers a viable alternative to scanning-based monochromatic interferometry.
    • The method shows significant potential for applications requiring rapid optical characterization of transparent media.