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    This study introduces a novel coded large-aperture (LA) Fresnel lens system for delay-free shadowless projection mapping (PM). The system optimizes aperture patterns for improved deblurring and shadow suppression, validated through simulations and experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Computer Vision
    • Digital Imaging

    Background:

    • Large-aperture (LA) projection effectively suppresses shadows without delay but often results in significant blur.
    • Existing methods struggle to balance deblurring and shadow suppression in LA projection systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a delay-free shadowless projection mapping (PM) system using a coded large-aperture (LA) Fresnel lens.
    • To develop methods for optimizing hardware and software configurations for coded LA projectors.
    • To achieve enhanced deblurring and shadow suppression performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Formulation of the Fresnel lens surface profile and development of a differentiable ray tracing simulator for coded LA projectors.
    • Optimization of aperture patterns using a framework based on specific norms for shadowless projectors.
    • Minimization of a combined loss function including broadband modulation transfer function (MTF), light transmission efficiency, and shadow suppression performance.

    Main Results:

    • A differentiable ray tracing simulator enabling efficient calculation of optimal aperture patterns without physical projection.
    • An optimization framework yielding aperture patterns that balance MTF, light efficiency, and shadow suppression.
    • Validation of the proposed techniques through simulation and projection experiments on a proof-of-concept prototype.

    Conclusions:

    • The coded LA projector effectively addresses the blurriness issue in LA projection systems.
    • The proposed optimization framework and simulator provide a robust method for designing high-performance shadowless projection systems.
    • The developed system demonstrates significant potential for applications requiring delay-free, high-quality shadowless projection mapping.