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Spray-Coated Melanin/PEDOT:PSS Films for Sustainable Organic Electrochemical Transistors
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Published on: October 28, 2025

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Photo-Patternable PEDOT:PSS for High Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Charles-Théophile Coen1,2, Niels J Burghoorn1,2, Jonas G Hendrikx3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new photo-patternable organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor (OMIEC). This advancement enables precise fabrication of complex bio-electronic circuits, overcoming limitations of current methods.

Keywords:
organic electronicsorganic mixed ionic‐electronic conductorphoto‐patternablepolymer patterningsemi‐interpenetrating network

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Electronics Engineering

Background:

  • Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) uniquely bridge biological (ionic) and electronic systems.
  • Current fabrication methods for OMIECs, like peel-off, hinder complex circuit integration.
  • Developing advanced bio-electronic interfaces requires compatible patterning techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a photo-patternable OMIEC for advanced microfabrication.
  • To enable the creation of miniaturized and highly integrated bio-electronic circuits.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional OMIEC patterning techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A photo-sensitive interpenetrating network was blended with PEDOT:PSS to create a photo-patternable OMIEC.
  • Photolithography was employed to pattern features as small as 2 µm on various substrates.
  • Organic electrochemical transistors were fabricated using the new photo-patterning process.

Main Results:

  • The photo-patternable PEDOT:PSS allows for precise feature definition down to 2 µm.
  • The developed process retains the OMIEC's ionic and electronic charge transport capabilities.
  • Fabricated organic electrochemical transistors demonstrated superior performance and low batch-to-batch variability (<5%) compared to existing methods.

Conclusions:

  • The photo-patterning process facilitates monolithic fabrication of complex OMIEC circuits.
  • This innovation pushes the boundaries of miniaturized and integrated bio-electronic systems.
  • The technique offers a scalable solution for advanced bio-interfacing technologies.