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Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

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Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Quantum Spin Hall Effect with Extended Topologically Protected Features in Altermagnetic Multilayers.

Zhiyu Chen1, Fangyang Zhan1,2, Zheng Qin1

  • 1Institute for Structure and Function, Department of Physics, and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.

Nano Letters
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altermagnetism enables a novel quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase with multiple edge states, overcoming previous limitations. Researchers identified Fe2Se2O multilayers as potential materials for this new topological phase.

Keywords:
altermagnetismquantum spin Hall effecttime-reversal symmetrytopological phases

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • The quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect is typically limited to a single pair of helical edge states due to time-reversal symmetry.
  • Conventional topological classification restricts the QSH effect to a Z2 classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a new quantum spin Hall phase with multiple gapless helical edge states.
  • To investigate the role of altermagnetism in stabilizing such topological phases.
  • To identify material candidates for realizing this novel QSH phase.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of topological phases in altermagnetic multilayers.
  • Utilizing first-principles calculations to predict material properties.
  • Characterizing the new QSH phase using a mirror-spin Chern number.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a unique QSH phase with multiple pairs of gapless helical edge states in altermagnetic multilayers.
  • Identified altermagnetic Fe2Se2O as a promising material candidate.
  • Showcased that the number of edge states scales with layer number, leading to quantized spin-Hall conductance.

Conclusions:

  • Altermagnetism provides a route to circumvent Z2 topological constraints for the QSH effect.
  • The discovered QSH phase expands the possibilities for topological quantum phenomena.
  • Altermagnetic multilayers offer a platform for engineering novel topological states with tunable properties.