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Atopic keratoconjunctivitis: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications.
Guillermo Raul Vera-Duarte1, Gustavo Ortiz-Morales1, Jose Carlos Guerrero-Acosta1
1Instituto de Oftalmologia Fundacion Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico City, Mexico.
Survey of Ophthalmology
|March 19, 2026
Summary
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a severe allergic eye disease. Management involves a stepwise approach, with novel therapies like biologics offering new hope for vision preservation.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic ocular surface inflammatory disease.
- It is the most severe form of ocular allergy, potentially leading to vision-threatening complications.
- Genetic factors significantly influence AKC development and severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of AKC.
- To update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and immunopathogenesis.
- To detail diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AKC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current research on AKC.
- Analysis of genetic predisposition and immune system involvement.
- Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.
Main Results:
- AKC pathogenesis involves epithelial barrier dysfunction, dysbiosis, Th2 cytokines, and eosinophilic inflammation.
- Diagnosis requires clinical suspicion and assessment of atopic conditions.
- Management is stepwise, from topical agents to systemic therapies and surgery.
Conclusions:
- Effective AKC management requires a multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up.
- Novel therapies, including biologics targeting IL-4 and IL-13, show promise.
- Minimizing complications and preserving visual function are key goals.
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