Levels of serum electrolytes and trace elements in dogs with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis: A sequential...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs is characterized by a gradual decline in renal function, resulting in disruptions to electrolyte and mineral balance. Hemodialysis serves as a crucial treatment to eliminate accumulated toxins and restore electrolyte homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the levels of specific minerals-sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus-and trace elements-copper, zinc, and iron-in dogs undergoing hemodialysis.

The research involved 12 dogs of various breeds, aged 8-12 years, weighing between 18 and 28 kg, each of which completed at least five hemodialysis sessions using a Fresenius 5008 hemodialysis machine. The levels of minerals and trace elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy using a Varian AA 240 F Spectrophotometer.

Analysis of the mineral and trace element concentrations revealed notable patterns: significant elevations in calcium, iron, magnesium, and copper levels were observed during the 3rd and 4th sessions. Conversely, serum levels of potassium, sodium, and phosphorus showed a progressive decline across sessions. By the fifth session, calcium, magnesium, and iron levels exhibited a downward trend, while zinc levels increased markedly from baseline.

These findings highlight the dynamic fluctuations of mineral and trace element concentrations during hemodialysis in dogs with renal failure. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying these changes and to refine dialysis protocols to better manage mineral imbalances.