3D-printed temporal bone models versus cadaveric bone for mastoidectomy training: a feasibility and cost analysis

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Surgical Simulation
• 3D Printing Technology

Background:

• Mastoidectomy training traditionally relies on cadaveric specimens, which are costly and have limited availability.
• Developing cost-effective and realistic training alternatives is crucial for surgical education.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the anatomical realism, perceived training value, and costs of in-house fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed temporal bone models versus cadaveric temporal bones for mastoidectomy training.
• To assess the feasibility of 3D-printed models as a supplementary training tool.

Main Methods:

• A prospective observational study involving 22 otolaryngology trainees and attendings was conducted during temporal bone drilling courses.
• Participants completed a Likert questionnaire after performing standardized mastoidectomies on both 3D-printed models and cadaveric specimens.
• A micro-costing analysis was performed to compare the per-session costs of each training modality.

Main Results:

• 3D-printed models received high ratings for overall usefulness and perceived safety, meeting predefined acceptability thresholds.
• The estimated per-session cost for 3D-printed models was USD 10.74, significantly lower than USD 2122.23 for cadaveric training.
• Participants reported acceptable anatomical realism and strong perceived training value for the 3D-printed models.

Conclusions:

• Low-cost, 3D-printed temporal bone models provide acceptable anatomical realism and significant training value for mastoidectomy.
• These models can serve as a practical adjunct to cadaveric training, especially when cadaver access is limited or expensive.
• 3D-printed models represent a cost-effective and valuable tool for surgical simulation in otolaryngology.