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Using Social Exchange Theory to Explore Motivational Matching Between Experiential Programs and Preceptors
Ying Wang1, Ryan Ades2, Maryann Wu1
1University of Southern California, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|March 23, 2026
Summary
Recruiting and keeping pharmacy preceptors is hard due to competition and burnout. Social Exchange Theory can help understand and improve preceptor motivation for better recruitment and retention.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Experiential Learning
- Organizational Psychology
Background:
- Pharmacy experiential training programs face challenges in recruiting and retaining preceptors.
- Barriers include program competition, site saturation, workplace demands, and preceptor burnout.
- Accreditation standards for high-quality training are continually evolving.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the utility of Social Exchange Theory (SET) as a framework for understanding preceptor motivation.
- To identify strategies for enhancing preceptor recruitment, engagement, and retention.
- To apply motivational psychology and behavioral economics insights to pharmacy preceptor challenges.
Main Methods:
- This manuscript explores theoretical models from other disciplines.
- It examines Social Exchange Theory (SET) as a potential framework.
- The study reviews evidence-based theories in motivational psychology and behavioral economics.
Main Results:
- Social Exchange Theory offers a lens to understand the motivational factors influencing preceptors.
- SET can illuminate potential barriers to preceptor engagement and retention.
- Theoretical models can inform practical strategies for addressing recruitment and retention challenges.
Conclusions:
- Applying Social Exchange Theory can provide valuable insights into preceptor motivation.
- Understanding these motivational factors is crucial for developing effective recruitment and retention strategies.
- Theoretical frameworks can guide experiential education offices in supporting pharmacy preceptors.
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