Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

1.5K
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.5K
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

2.0K
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
2.0K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.5K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
2.5K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

8.2K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
8.2K
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

701
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
701
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

3.1K
Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultra-High Dose-Rate Oxygen Depletion and Skin Response to Irradiation.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Ultra-high dose rate dependent modeling of plasmid DNA damage with TOPAS-nBio.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same author

The potential and risks of FLASH radiotherapy in pediatric patients.

Neuro-oncology pediatrics·2026
Same author

Underscoring the Effects of Proton Radiation on Neuronal Function in 2D and 3D In Vitro Cortical Tissue Models.

Radiation research·2026
Same author

Individualized Dose-volume Reconstruction Workflow for the Normal Tissues of Pediatric Patients Treated with Passive Scattering Proton Therapy.

Radiation research·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the uncertainty in calculating nanodosimetric quantities due to the use of different interaction cross sections in Monte Carlo track structure codes.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

KRT6A Impairs Radiosensitivity in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Enhancing Fatty Acid Synthesis.

Radiation research·2026
Same journal

Chromosomal Instability: A Potential Biomarker of Radiation Response.

Radiation research·2026
Same journal

Antioxidant Probucol Reduces Mortality in Mice Exposed to Lethal Doses of Ionizing Radiation.

Radiation research·2026
Same journal

The Detection of Radiation Effects in the Urine of Rhesus Macaques Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Radiation research·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Radiation-responsive Genes and Transcript Variants under Different Radiation Qualities, Doses and Dose Rates.

Radiation research·2026
Same journal

Methyl Quercetin Inhibits Radiation-induced Senescence and TGF-β1-induced Myofibroblast Differentiation Through Psmad3/TGF-Β Signaling.

Radiation research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo
12:06

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Published on: November 5, 2013

15.2K

Transient Oxygen Depletion and FLASH: Are We Ruling It Out Too Soon?

George D D Jones, Jan Schuemann, Bethany Rothwell

    Radiation Research
    |March 23, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Transient oxygen depletion (TOD) may contribute to the FLASH effect, even with high tissue oxygen levels. Realistic oxygen variations and consumption rates support meaningful depletion during ultra-high dose rate irradiation, warranting further study.

    More Related Videos

    Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction
    08:56

    Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

    Published on: May 7, 2015

    18.9K
    Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care
    14:28

    Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

    Published on: May 10, 2024

    2.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

    Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo
    12:06

    Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

    Published on: November 5, 2013

    15.2K
    Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction
    08:56

    Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

    Published on: May 7, 2015

    18.9K
    Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care
    14:28

    Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

    Published on: May 10, 2024

    2.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Radiation oncology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • The FLASH effect, a radioprotective phenomenon observed with ultra-high dose rate irradiation, is not fully understood.
    • Transient oxygen depletion (TOD) has been proposed as a contributing mechanism, but challenged by oxygenation and depletion rate measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To re-evaluate the potential contribution of transient oxygen depletion (TOD) to the FLASH effect.
    • To argue for a broader consideration of physiological parameters in understanding FLASH radioprotection.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis and modeling of oxygen dynamics in tissues during ultra-high dose rate irradiation.
    • Review and re-interpretation of existing data on tissue oxygenation and consumption rates.

    Main Results:

    • Realistic ranges of tissue oxygen heterogeneity and consumption rates can support significant oxygen depletion even under normal physiological conditions.
    • Previously cited constraints on oxygen depletion rates and tissue oxygen levels may be overly restrictive.

    Conclusions:

    • Transient oxygen depletion (TOD) remains a plausible contributing factor to the FLASH effect.
    • Further investigation into oxygen dynamics and other protective mechanisms is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of FLASH radiotherapy.