Climatic, Socioecological and Environmental Determinants of Aedes spp. Dynamics at the Community Interface: A...

Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, including but not limited to Aedes aegypti , are major vectors of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika and other related diseases. Their global expansion is driven by climate change, globalisation, urbanisation and human mobility. Understanding how these factors shape their reproduction, survival and persistence is crucial for strengthening integrated vector control within a One Health framework. This review synthesises current evidence on these determinants to support more sustainable control strategies.

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed/MEDLINE and SciELO through June 2025. Search strategies combined terms related to Aedes spp., environmental, climatic, socio-ecological determinants and One Health. Eligible studies examined factors influencing reproduction, survival or persistence of any Aedes species under natural or semi-natural conditions. Case reports, clinically focused studies and laboratory experiments lacking ecological realism were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data. Findings were synthesised descriptively.

From 1007 records screened, 98 were included. Most were conducted in Brazil (18.4%), China (12.2%) and Argentina (11.2%). Ecological-epidemiological studies (30.6%) and environmentally oriented laboratory simulations (24.5%) were predominant. The evidence highlighted: (i) microenvironmental factors-such as water quality, nutrient availability, pollutants, and artificial light-affecting larval development and vector competence; (ii) climatic variables, especially temperature, rainfall, and humidity, as major drivers of mosquito abundance and transmission potential; (iii) urbanisation, inadequate housing, socioeconomic vulnerability, and irregular water supply as key amplifiers of infestation; and (iv) widespread insecticide resistance and the limited impact of conventional larvicides as major barriers to control.

Environmental, climatic and socio-ecological determinants critically shape Aedes persistence and arbovirus transmission. Integrating these determinants into surveillance and vector control programs through a One Health approach enables earlier detection, more targeted interventions and the development of sustainable strategies to reduce the global burden of arboviral diseases.