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Vaccinations01:51

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure...
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Influences on Vaccine Decision-Making During Pregnancy.

Shelly J Reed1, McKinsey Owen1, Cheryl A Corbett1

  • 1Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

Journal of Midwifery & Women'S Health
|March 24, 2026
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Summary

Pregnant individuals showed hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines due to safety concerns and trust issues. Healthcare provider recommendations significantly influenced their vaccination decisions, emphasizing the need for clear communication.

Keywords:
acceptanceinfluencespregnancyprovider recommendationsvaccinationvaccine hesitancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pregnant individuals face heightened risks of vaccine-preventable diseases.
  • COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was observed in pregnant populations, even among prior vaccine acceptors.
  • Understanding these hesitancies is crucial given vaccination benefits for pregnant individuals and neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the perceptions and decision-making processes of pregnant individuals concerning COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative descriptive study utilizing semistructured interviews.
  • Convenience sample of English and Spanish-speaking pregnant or recently pregnant individuals.
  • Interviews transcribed and analyzed thematically by the research team.

Main Results:

  • Decision-making was influenced by trust in healthcare providers, fear of vaccine complications versus COVID-19 infection, perceived vaccine safety/efficacy, immunity perceptions, vaccine novelty, health status, and social/religious factors.
  • Key information sources included healthcare professionals within families, CDC, and perceived valid internet/social media.
  • Forty-one interviews were conducted, with 10 participants identifying as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare provider recommendations critically impact COVID-19 vaccine decisions in pregnant individuals.
  • Addressing safety concerns is paramount for healthcare providers disseminating vaccine information.
  • Effective communication from healthcare providers is essential to overcome vaccine hesitancy.