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Direct Methamphetamine Sensing in Flowing Wastewater via a 3D-Printed Flow-Through Cell.

Veronika Svitková1,2, Ivana Horáková3, Viliam Kolivoška4

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Researchers developed a 3D-printed electrochemical sensor for rapid, field-ready detection of methamphetamine (MET) in flowing sewage. This low-cost, disposable platform enables near-real-time wastewater surveillance for public health and law enforcement.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Rapid, field-ready detection of methamphetamine (MET) in sewage is crucial for public health and law enforcement surveillance.
  • Current methods face challenges in direct, real-time analysis of wastewater under flow conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a low-cost, 3D-printed flow-through electrochemical cell for direct methamphetamine detection in flowing wastewater.
  • To validate the platform's performance and specificity for real-time sewer surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 3D-printed flow-through electrochemical cell with a screen-printed carbon electrode.
  • Utilized square wave voltammetry and chronoamperometry for MET quantification.
  • Validated the system using the [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ couple to assess kinetic hindrance.

Main Results:

  • Achieved limits of detection of 15.9 µg L⁻¹ (non-flow) and 211.2 µg L⁻¹ (flow) for MET in filtered wastewater.
  • Demonstrated high specificity, enabling discrimination between MET, its precursor (APAAN), and amphetamine.
  • Confirmed negligible kinetic hindrance for voltammetric sensing under convective transport.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first direct electrochemical sensing of MET in flowing wastewater using a 3D-printed flow-through platform.
  • The simple, disposable design offers a foundation for portable, near-real-time sewer surveillance.
  • The findings encourage further development of antifouling and auto-cleaning strategies for long-term deployment.