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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

7.2K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
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Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
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Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

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Between a Chiasm and a Hard Place

Sofia A John1, Sara Krachmalnick, Marianna B Ruzinova

  • 1Washington University School of Medicine (SAJ), St. Louis, Missouri; John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (SK, GPVS, LS), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Pathology and Immunology (MBR), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Mercy Clinic Eye Specialists (MEP, FG-F), St. Louis, Missouri; and Department of Neurology (GPVS, LS), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
|March 24, 2026
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