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Automated 10-m Resolution In-season Crop-type Data Layer Mapping for Contiguous United States.

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|March 27, 2026
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Summary
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New In-season Crop-type Data Layer (ICDL) maps provide timely, high-resolution U.S. crop planting information. This data supports agricultural decision-making, outperforming the annual Cropland Data Layer (CDL).

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural remote sensing
  • Geospatial data science
  • Crop monitoring

Background:

  • Timely agricultural decision-making requires in-season crop planting data.
  • Current Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is an annual USDA product, available late and supporting only post-season applications.
  • There is a need for high-resolution, in-season crop-type information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated workflow for producing a 10m resolution In-season Crop-type Data Layer (ICDL).
  • To provide publicly available, in-season crop maps with a 5-day delay.
  • To support national-scale agricultural monitoring and management.

Main Methods:

  • Automated crop-type mapping workflow using historical CDL for training labels.
  • Incorporation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 satellite observations.
  • Supervised time-series classification and multilevel mosaicking for Contiguous U.S. ICDL.

Main Results:

  • High accuracy validation of ICDL products (training labels 0.825-0.937, classification 0.807-0.984).
  • ICDL consistently outperformed the annual CDL in accuracy.
  • ICDL acreage estimates closely agreed with USDA NASS statistics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed workflow successfully produces accurate, high-resolution, in-season crop-type maps.
  • ICDL datasets are publicly available via the CropSmart web portal.
  • ICDL provides crucial timely data for agricultural decision-making and management.