Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Related Strengths in Adults: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry and Psychology
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

• There is a growing call for strengths-based perspectives in understanding attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• A comprehensive review of ADHD-related strengths has been lacking.
• This study addresses the need for a systematic overview of research on ADHD strengths.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review of empirical research on strengths associated with ADHD in adults.
• To identify the extent and types of qualitative and quantitative studies on ADHD-related strengths.
• To synthesize existing knowledge on strengths within the context of adult ADHD.

Main Methods:

• Searched major academic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus) for published research.
• Included grey literature and unpublished studies from sources like ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global and PsyArXiv.
• Analyzed 125 studies, encompassing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research.

Main Results:

• Identified common ADHD characteristics perceived as strengths, including interest-based attention (42%), high energy (26%), and adaptive risk-taking (15%).
• Other frequently identified strengths included creativity (66%), prosocial attributes (31%), resilience (13%), and flexibility (11%).
• Most studies (70%) examined strengths a-priori, with a majority (54%) discussing general ADHD strengths rather than specific traits.

Conclusions:

• ADHD characteristics can be reframed as valuable strengths, such as creativity and resilience.
• Further research is needed to help mental health professionals leverage these strengths.
• Supporting individuals with ADHD in utilizing their strengths can foster flourishing in appropriate contexts.