Advances in 2D materials for wearable biomonitoring

Over the past two decades, the discovery of graphene has sparked a significant increase in research on two-dimensional (2D) materials These materials exhibit exceptional properties, including a large surface area, flexibility, and tunable electrical conductivity, making them ideal for building up wearable biosensors. Such biosensors offer rapid response times, high sensitivity, biocompatibility, and outstanding mechanical strength. This review provides a comprehensive overview of wearable biosensors based on 2D materials, highlighting their unique properties, synthesis methods, and integration into flexible electronic systems. Significant advancements, existing challenges, and commercialization prospects are explored. The development of these biosensors promises to revolutionize health monitoring and advance personalized medicine by enabling continuous, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters.