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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
Published on: December 14, 2011
A qualitative study exploring a gender-affirming weightlifting program among trans and nonbinary students
Eva Nowakowski-Sims1, Ryan Papciak1
1Social Work, Barry University, Miami, Florida, USA.
Background:
Exercise and weightlifting can be a transformative experience for trans and nonbinary (TNB) students. Yet, few TNB students use gym spaces due to discrimination and distress related to their gender identity.
Methods:
A qualitative methodology was used to explore TNB students' experience with gender dysphoria using Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) commitments. Five TNB college students (3 transmasculine, 1 transfeminine, and 1 nonbinary) participated in a 12-week group weightlifting program with a trans trainer. Following the program, participants completed an interview about their experience and offered recommendations for creating a gender-affirming college gym space.
Results:
Three themes highlighted the participants' narratives and experiences: Distress and Barriers to Gym Entry; Finding Safety Through Group Weightlifting; and, From Dysphoria to Euphoria in Safe Spaces. There were subthemes related to safety. Safety was felt by working with a trans trainer, having group support, and experiencing a gender-affirming gym environment.
Discussion:
Findings revealed that the gender-affirming group weightlifting program helped TNB students shift from gender dysphoria to joy and satisfaction related to gender euphoria, and finally to self-acceptance separate from gender. Participant-driven recommendations were offered to university recreation programs to create gender-affirming gym spaces.
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