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Comprehensive profiling of arsenosugars in algae using UHPLC-HRMS and UHPLC-IMS-Q-TOF.

Alba Morales-Rodríguez1,2,3, Àngels Sahuquillo1,4, José Fermín López-Sánchez1,4

  • 1Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.

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|March 27, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate identification of arsenic compounds in edible algae is crucial. This study introduces a new analytical method using UHPLC-HRMS for precise detection and structural confirmation of key arsenosugars, including novel collision cross-section values.

Keywords:
AlgaeArsenosugarsHILICHRMSIon mobility

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Arsenic speciation dictates its toxicity, posing risks in environmental contaminants.
  • Marine algae, a growing food source, contain significant arsenic, primarily as arsenosugars (As-Sugars).
  • Accurate identification of As-Sugars is vital due to uncertain long-term health effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an analytical workflow for the identification and structural annotation of arsenosugars in marine edible algae.
  • To enhance the accuracy of arsenic speciation analysis in food matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS).
  • Utilized Q-Orbitrap and IMS-Q-TOF systems with positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI).
  • Employed a zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC-Z) column for effective separation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved separation and structural annotation of four key As-Sugars: Gly-Sug, PO4-Sug, SO3-Sug, and SO4-Sug.
  • HRMS and MS/MS analyses provided accurate mass measurements and diagnostic fragmentation patterns for compound confirmation.
  • Reported collision cross-section (CCS) values for these As-Sugars for the first time, adding an orthogonal confirmation parameter.

Conclusions:

  • The developed UHPLC-HRMS workflow provides a robust method for arsenosugar identification in marine algae.
  • The inclusion of CCS values significantly strengthens the confirmation of identified arsenic species.
  • This advancement is critical for accurate risk assessment of arsenic exposure through dietary intake of marine algae.