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Emotion Regulation and Eating Disorders in Sports: A Systematic Review.

Silvia P Espinoza-Barrón1, Abril Cantú-Berrueto1, María Á Castejón2

  • 1Faculty of Sport Organization, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.

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Summary

Difficulties in emotion regulation are linked to eating disorders (EDs) in athletes. Adaptive strategies like cognitive reappraisal protect against EDs, while suppression increases risk.

Keywords:
cognitive reappraisaleating disordersemotion regulationexpressive suppressionmental healthpreventionrisk behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sports Science
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Emotion regulation influences emotional experiences and expression.
  • Difficulties in emotion regulation are implicated in the development and maintenance of Eating Disorders (EDs).
  • Athletes face intensified emotional challenges due to high performance demands, increasing ED vulnerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the relationship between emotion regulation and EDs in athletic populations.
  • To focus on specific emotion regulation strategies and associated emotional processes.
  • To synthesize current evidence on this critical issue in sports.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searches conducted on Redalyc, Dialnet, SpringerLink, and PubMed databases.
  • Nine studies involving diverse athletes were critically appraised using JBI checklists.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) correlates with lower ED symptomatology and body dissatisfaction.
  • Dysfunctional strategies (e.g., expressive suppression) are linked to restrictive eating, bulimia, and increased ED risk.
  • Anxiety, perfectionism, low self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction exacerbate ED vulnerability, especially in aesthetic/weight-sensitive sports.

Conclusions:

  • Emotion regulation is a significant factor in ED risk among athletes.
  • Adaptive emotion regulation strategies act as protective factors against EDs.
  • Dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies are associated with a higher risk of developing EDs.