Wild Edible Fruits: A Structured Narrative Review on Bioactive Composition and Bioactivity.

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Food Science
• Ethnobotany

Background:

• Wild edible fruits (WEFs) are underutilized in nutrition and functional food research.
• They represent a significant component of biodiversity-based diets.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review phytochemical composition, nutritional relevance, biological activities, and sustainability of WEFs.
• To identify research gaps and future directions for WEF utilization.

Main Methods:

• Structured narrative review following PRISMA principles.
• Systematic literature search and synthesis of evidence.
• Integration of compositional data, bioactivities, and sustainability aspects.

Main Results:

• WEFs possess diverse phytochemicals (phenolics, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals) with reported bioactivities.
• Significant heterogeneity in studies limits quantitative analysis.
• Analytical variability, bioavailability, and translational limitations affect health claims.

Conclusions:

• WEFs offer nutritional and potential health benefits but require further investigation.
• Standardized methodologies and robust human trials are crucial for advancing WEF research.
• Integrating socio-economic and conservation aspects is vital for sustainable WEF utilization.