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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Aphthous Ulcers Following Periodontal Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Sultan Albeshri1, Raed Alrowis1, Nouf AlAkeel1
1Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Aphthous ulcers affect about 20% of patients after periodontal surgery. Risk factors like age and smoking predict pre-existing ulcers, while age and family history predict new ones post-surgery.
Area of Science:
- Oral Medicine
- Periodontology
- Surgical Complications
Background:
- Aphthous ulcers are a potential complication following periodontal surgery.
- Understanding predictors of ulcer development is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- Determine the prevalence of aphthous ulcers post-periodontal surgery.
- Identify demographic, behavioral, and clinical predictors for pre- and post-operative ulcer history.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 227 adult patients undergoing periodontal surgery.
- Data collection included demographics, behaviors, and oral health.
- Postoperative follow-up assessed aphthous ulcers at 1 and 2 weeks using clinical assessment and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) modeling.
Main Results:
- Aphthous ulcers occurred in 20.7% of patients, mainly in the first week post-surgery.
- CHAID identified age, marital status, and smoking for pre-operative ulcer history (73.6% accuracy).
- Age and family history predicted post-operative ulcer development (79.4% accuracy); procedure type influenced medication and ulcer number.
Conclusions:
- Postoperative aphthous ulceration is a common complication in approximately one-fifth of patients after periodontal surgery.
- Distinct risk profiles exist for pre- and post-surgical ulceration, involving patient susceptibility and surgical factors.
- Risk stratification can guide preoperative counseling and postoperative care for these ulcers.
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