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A Compact and Robust RFID Tag Based on an AMC Structure.

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Compact AMC-Backed Flexible UHF RFID Tag Antenna for On-Body Biomedical Applications.

Aarti Bansal1, Giovanni Andrea Casula2

  • 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces a compact artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)-backed flexible UHF RFID tag antenna for wearable health monitoring. The novel design enhances reading range and reduces specific absorption rate (SAR) for improved on-body sensing.

Keywords:
AMC metasurfaceUHF-RFID systembiomedical applicationsflexible antennason-body applications

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Metamaterials
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Conventional RFID tag antennas suffer from detuning, reduced efficiency, and increased SAR near human tissue.
  • On-body applications require antennas with high performance and safety, which traditional designs struggle to achieve.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, model, and validate a compact AMC-backed flexible UHF RFID tag antenna for on-body biomedical and wearable sensing.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional on-body RFID antennas, particularly in proximity to human tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CST Studio Software for full-wave simulations of a miniaturized AMC metasurface with a modified Jerusalem-cross geometry.
  • Developed the antenna on a high-permittivity biocompatible substrate with meandered and interdigitated features.
  • Fabricated the device on a thin, flexible, biocompatible, silicon-doped dielectric substrate.

Main Results:

  • The proposed ultra-compact antenna (0.0246 λ²) significantly enhances tag antenna gain and reading range by an order of magnitude.
  • Demonstrated substantial reduction in backward radiation and specific absorption rate (SAR) compared to conventional on-body tags.
  • Achieved robust platform tolerance and excellent isolation from the human body, ensuring high reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The AMC-backed flexible UHF RFID tag antenna offers superior performance for on-body biomedical and wearable sensing applications.
  • The design effectively mitigates detuning and SAR issues associated with human tissue proximity.
  • This research enables the development of advanced, non-invasive wearable medical devices for health parameter sampling.