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Performance Characterization and Optimization of a Miniaturized SERF Atomic Magnetometer via Tunable Laser Power.

Peng Shi1,2, Chen Zuo1, Qisong Li1

  • 1School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers show promise for detecting weak magnetic fields. Optimizing laser power in miniaturized sensors enhances bandwidth and dynamic range, with sensitivity depending non-monotonically on power.

Keywords:
Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Freeatomic magnetometerlaseroptical power

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Sensor technology
  • Biomagnetism

Background:

  • Spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers offer high sensitivity for ultra-weak magnetic field detection.
  • Miniaturized SERF magnetometers are crucial for applications like biomagnetic imaging.
  • The impact of laser power on miniaturized SERF magnetometer performance requires systematic investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the influence of laser power on the sensitivity, bandwidth, and dynamic range of miniaturized SERF atomic magnetometers.
  • To develop a theoretical and experimental framework for optimizing laser-integrated miniaturized atomic magnetometers.
  • To elucidate the interplay between laser power, power broadening, saturation absorption, and noise constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a miniaturized atomic magnetometer probe with an actively controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL).
  • Conducted systematic experimental investigations correlating laser power with magnetometer performance metrics.
  • Employed theoretical modeling incorporating power broadening, saturation absorption, and noise limitations.

Main Results:

  • Sensitivity shows a non-monotonic dependence on optical power, peaking at 16 fT/√Hz with 300 μW.
  • Bandwidth and dynamic range increase monotonically with optical power, reaching 230 Hz and ±5.4 nT at 500 μW.
  • Experimental results align well with theoretical simulations.

Conclusions:

  • Laser power is a critical parameter for optimizing miniaturized SERF atomic magnetometers.
  • A comprehensive framework for performance optimization based on laser power has been established.
  • This research paves the way for enhanced ultra-weak magnetic field detection using miniaturized sensors.