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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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MicroRNAs in cardiovascular disease.

Francesco Sessa1

  • 1Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). These molecules show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for conditions like heart failure and myocardial infarction.

Keywords:
Antisense oligonucleotidesBiomarkersCardiovascular diseaseMicrornasPrecision medicineTherapeutic targets

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression.
  • miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
  • They regulate inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and ion-channel remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.
  • To investigate miRNAs as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular conditions.
  • To discuss the potential of theranoMiRNAs in precision cardiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on miRNA roles in cardiovascular diseases.
  • Analysis of diagnostic utility of circulating miRNAs in myocardial infarction models.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies involving miRNA inhibitors and mimics.

Main Results:

  • Circulating miRNAs demonstrate significant diagnostic utility, particularly in early detection of myocardial infarction.
  • miRNA-based therapeutics, including inhibitors like miR-92a and miR-132, have advanced to clinical trials.
  • The concept of theranoMiRNAs offers a dual diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are vital in cardiovascular disease mechanisms and hold significant potential for diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Challenges in targeted delivery and off-target effects need to be addressed for clinical translation.
  • Advancements in AI, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology will accelerate miRNA-based cardiovascular medicine.