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RNA biomarkers in hemorrhagic stroke.

Armin Khavandegar1, Zahra Ramezani1, Negar Sadat Ahmadi1

  • 1Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|April 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), especially non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play a crucial role in hemorrhagic stroke (HS) pathology. These ncRNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improved HS patient outcomes.

Keywords:
DiagnosisHemorrhagic strokePathwaysPrognosisRNATreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a severe neurological condition with high mortality and morbidity.
  • Current diagnostic and prognostic methods for HS require improvement.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in complex diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), particularly ncRNAs, in the molecular pathology of hemorrhagic stroke (HS).
  • To investigate the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers for HS diagnosis, prognosis, and as therapeutic targets.
  • To review RNA detection techniques, genetic influences on RNA function, and relevant signaling pathways in HS.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of coding and non-coding RNAs, detailing biogenesis and mechanisms.
  • Analysis of RNA expression using techniques like next-generation sequencing, qPCR, and AI-based approaches.
  • Investigation of RNA-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, ferroptosis) and genetic variations (SNPs) impacting HS.

Main Results:

  • Dysregulated ncRNAs in HS patients can differentiate HS from ischemic stroke and predict severity and complications.
  • Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) like miR-155, miR-126, and miR-182 are linked to HS outcomes and mortality.
  • ncRNAs modulate key HS-related pathways including inflammation, apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier integrity.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs represent promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis in HS.
  • RNA-based therapies offer potential for targeted HS treatment, advancing precision medicine.
  • Understanding ncRNA roles is critical for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HS.