RNA biomarkers in hemorrhagic stroke

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Neuroscience
• Genetics

Background:

• Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a severe neurological condition with high mortality and morbidity.
• Current diagnostic and prognostic methods for HS require improvement.
• Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in complex diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the role of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), particularly ncRNAs, in the molecular pathology of hemorrhagic stroke (HS).
• To investigate the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers for HS diagnosis, prognosis, and as therapeutic targets.
• To review RNA detection techniques, genetic influences on RNA function, and relevant signaling pathways in HS.

Main Methods:

• Classification of coding and non-coding RNAs, detailing biogenesis and mechanisms.
• Analysis of RNA expression using techniques like next-generation sequencing, qPCR, and AI-based approaches.
• Investigation of RNA-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, ferroptosis) and genetic variations (SNPs) impacting HS.

Main Results:

• Dysregulated ncRNAs in HS patients can differentiate HS from ischemic stroke and predict severity and complications.
• Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) like miR-155, miR-126, and miR-182 are linked to HS outcomes and mortality.
• ncRNAs modulate key HS-related pathways including inflammation, apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier integrity.

Conclusions:

• ncRNAs represent promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis in HS.
• RNA-based therapies offer potential for targeted HS treatment, advancing precision medicine.
• Understanding ncRNA roles is critical for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HS.