Evaluating Sun Safety Practices and Skin Cancer Awareness in Nunavik Inuit Communities: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Dermatology
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Episodic sun exposure and sunburns are key risk factors for cutaneous melanoma (CM) and basal cell carcinoma.
• Inuit communities in Canada face unique high-latitude UV exposure risks due to geography and climate change.
• Limited data exists on sun-protective behaviors and CM risk perception within these communities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess sun protection habits and skin cancer awareness among Inuit in Nunavik.
• To identify factors associated with sun protection and awareness in this population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four Nunavik communities in summer 2024.
• Inuit participants aged 16 and older completed the Sun Exposure and Behavior Inventory.
• Data on demographics, UV exposure, sun protection, and skin cancer concerns were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Low use of sunscreen (19.5%), hats (31.5%), and shade (28.7%) was observed among 541 participants.
• Sunglasses (56.3%) and long sleeves (62.1%) were more common protective measures.
• Skin cancer awareness was limited; nearly half checked moles, but many were unsure if CM is fatal or preventable. Lower awareness and protection were noted in males and less educated individuals.

Conclusions:

• Inuit communities in Nunavik exhibit low engagement in sun protection and limited skin cancer awareness.
• Increasing UV exposure necessitates targeted, culturally appropriate health education for skin cancer prevention.
• Interventions should address identified disparities in awareness and behavior based on gender and education.