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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

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Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

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Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
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Dual-Functional Benzoxazines With Isopropenyl and Disulfide Linkages for Ambient-Temperature Polymerization.

Sangeeta Sahu1, Prashansa Gupta1, Bimlesh Lochab1

  • 1Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, India.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
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Summary

This study presents a sustainable, catalyst-free method to create biobased polybenzoxazines at room temperature using dithiothreitol. This innovation offers a low-energy pathway for advanced materials like coatings and adhesives.

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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional thermosets require high temperatures and catalysts for synthesis.
  • Developing sustainable and energy-efficient polymerization methods is crucial for reducing environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sustainable, catalyst-free route for synthesizing organo-soluble, sulfur-containing biobased polybenzoxazines.
  • To achieve room-temperature polymerization via a dual-activation mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dithiothreitol (DTT) as a mild reducing agent for disulfide bond cleavage.
  • Investigated concurrent thia-Michael addition and oxazine ring-opening polymerization (ROP).
  • Employed techniques like GPC, DOSY, time-dependent NMR, and HRMS for characterization and mechanism elucidation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient network formation at ambient temperature without external heat or catalysts.
  • Demonstrated higher monomer conversion (∼75%) for isoeugenol-derived monomers compared to eugenol analogues (∼35%).
  • Confirmed a thia-Michael-assisted ring-opening mechanism involving a thiazolidine intermediate.

Conclusions:

  • The dual-activation approach using disulfide and isopropenyl groups enables low-energy polymerization.
  • This method provides a viable, room-temperature, solution-processable alternative to traditional thermosets.
  • The resulting polymers are suitable for diverse applications including coatings, adhesives, biomedical devices, and electronics.