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Gender and Racial Discrimination During Residency Training: Scoping Review.

Ida John1, Liz Dennett2, Julie Nguyen1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-591 Dianne and Irving Kipnes Health Research Academy, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada, 1 780 248 5582.

JMIR Medical Education
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medical residents face gender and racial discrimination, often as microaggressions, impacting their careers. Addressing these issues is crucial for creating inclusive training environments.

Keywords:
discriminationgenderracialresidentsscoping review

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Health Equity
  • Social Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Women and visible minorities (VMs) experience ongoing discrimination in healthcare settings.
  • Discrimination ranges from individual prejudices to institutional biases, affecting hiring and professional interactions.
  • Residents face unique challenges due to the intersection of gender and race, with limited existing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and analyze the impact of gender and racial discrimination on medical residents.
  • To identify the forms, sources, and ramifications of discrimination experienced by residents.
  • To understand potential strategies for reducing discrimination in residency training.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searched five major health sciences databases without restrictions on study design, country, or date.
  • Included studies focusing on the impact of both gender and racial discrimination on residents, with rigorous screening and data extraction.

Main Results:

  • 26 papers published between 1995 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria, primarily from the United States, Canada, and Australia/New Zealand.
  • Identified four key themes: forms of discrimination (microaggressions), sources of discrimination, ramifications on residents' careers, and strategies for reduction.
  • Discrimination frequently manifests as microaggressions, negatively impacting residents' professional development and well-being.

Conclusions:

  • Gender and racial discrimination, particularly microaggressions, significantly affect medical residents' training and careers.
  • Increased awareness is vital for developing targeted solutions to foster safe and inclusive residency programs.
  • Institutions must implement tailored strategies to combat discrimination and support all residents.