Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
The Levels, Prevalence, and Related Factors of Toxic Leadership Among Nurses Outside the United States: A Systematic
Liping Pan1, Jingxian Shang, Kexin Xue
1Research Associate (Pan), Research Associate (Shang), Research Associate (Xue), Research Associate (Yang), Research Associate (Shi), Professor (Dr. Zeng), College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Chief Nurse Executive (Yu), Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Objective:
To systematically estimate the levels, prevalence, and related factors of toxic leadership among nurses outside the United States.
Background:
Toxic leadership contributes to nurse burnout, turnover, and reduced care quality, yet its extent and determinants remain unclear.
Methods:
Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 10 databases were searched from inception to February 2025. Eligible quantitative studies were synthesized using meta-analyses to pool mean scores, SDs, and prevalence rates.
Results:
Twenty-eight studies comprising 13,010 nurses in practice settings outside the United States were included. The pooled mean toxic leadership score was 2.36 (95% CI: 1.89-2.83), and the pooled prevalence of high toxic leadership was 29% (95% CI: 10%-48%).
Conclusions:
Nurses outside the United States experience moderate toxic leadership levels, with nearly 1/3 exposed to high levels. Both individual and organizational factors contribute to these perceptions, underscoring the need for leadership training and system-level interventions to improve nurse well-being and care quality.
More Related Videos
12:22Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement
Published on: July 1, 2015
09:52Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
Published on: January 15, 2017
Related Concept Videos
01:08Obedience
01:26National Nursing Organizations I
01:30National Nursing Organizations II
The AACN emphasizes a healthy work environment through six standards to achieve an optimal patient outcome. The standards are appropriate staffing, meaningful recognition, collaboration, authentic leadership, effective communication, and decision-making. In addition, AACN provides certification programs, webinars, journals, and...
01:28International Nursing Organizations II
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
01:30Current Trends in Nursing II
01:16Nurses' Legal Responsibilities III
Cultivating a culture of collaboration and mutual respect among nurses transcends mere enhancement...