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Mobility On Demand: What About the Weekend?
Grace O Kagho1, Milos Balac2, Kay W Axhausen1
1Institute for Transport Planning and Systems (IVT), ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Transportation Research Record
|April 6, 2026
Summary
Weekend travel patterns differ significantly from weekdays, impacting mobility on demand (MoD) service planning. Simulations must account for these unique weekend demands to optimize autonomous MoD policies and operations.
Area of Science:
- Transportation science
- Simulation modeling
- Urban planning
Background:
- Mobility on demand (MoD) services offer flexible travel options, transforming urban mobility.
- Current simulations often model only average weekdays, neglecting distinct weekend travel behaviors.
- Weekend travel demand is more evenly distributed, unlike weekday peaks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare weekday and weekend travel demand patterns for mobility on demand (MoD) services.
- To analyze the impact of weekend travel characteristics on MoD service operations and policy.
- To evaluate the simulation of autonomous mobility on demand (aMoD) in Zurich.
Main Methods:
- Utilized agent-based simulation framework MATSim for modeling.
- Simulated the introduction of an autonomous mobility on demand (aMoD) service in Zurich.
- Compared simulated weekday and weekend travel demand and operational metrics.
Main Results:
- Weekend travel demand exhibits unique patterns compared to weekdays, with more even distribution.
- MoD services could replace public transport and private vehicle trips during weekends, especially for longer distances.
- Optimal fleet sizes for aMoD services differ between weekdays and weekends due to demand variations.
Conclusions:
- Transport policies and MoD simulations must incorporate unique weekend travel characteristics for effective planning.
- Accounting for weekend travel ensures reliable service by balancing wait times, travel times, occupancy, and costs.
- Simulation insights support the development of robust policies for autonomous mobility on demand services.
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