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    Area of Science:

    • Virtual Reality (VR) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
    • Computer Graphics and Rendering Techniques
    • Perceptual Psychology in Immersive Environments

    Background:

    • A convincing sense of embodiment is vital for immersive virtual reality (VR) experiences.
    • Pass-Through Embodiment (PTE) uses real body visualization in VR but faces segmentation artifacts from depth sensors.
    • The perceptual impact of these artifacts on user embodiment and presence is not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare edge-rendering techniques for reducing visual artifacts in PTE.
    • To evaluate the perceptual impact of these techniques on user embodiment and presence in VR.
    • To identify computationally efficient methods for enhancing PTE fidelity.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of three edge-rendering techniques: soft gradient, hard edge, and a novel dithered edge.
    • A within-subjects study using a novel real-mirror paradigm for evaluating PTE.
    • Measurement of user presence and embodiment as key performance indicators.

    Main Results:

    • The dithered edge rendering approach significantly outperformed hard edge masks in user studies.
    • No significant difference in perceived embodiment was found between the dithered and soft gradient conditions.
    • All tested rendering techniques, including dithered edges, supported high levels of presence and embodiment.

    Conclusions:

    • PTE is a robust method for enhancing embodiment and presence in virtual reality.
    • Dithering presents a computationally efficient alternative to smooth blending for reducing visual artifacts in PTE.
    • Gradient-based rendering, including dithering, effectively mitigates segmentation artifacts, improving the VR experience.