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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Large-Area Three-Dimensional Displaced Overlapping Wing Perovskite Metamaterials with Giant Optical Chirality.

Yuyi Feng^1,2, Xin Bi¹, Yifan Zeng¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|April 7, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed large-area chiral metamaterials using a novel fabrication method. This breakthrough enables strong optical chirality for applications in photoelectronics and spintronics.

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

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Published on: September 25, 2020

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Perovskite chiral metamaterials show promise for chiral photoelectronics, spintronics, and ferroelectricity.
Current methods face challenges in achieving both large-area fabrication and strong optical chirality.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and fabricate a novel three-dimensional displaced overlapping structure for perovskite chiral metamaterials.
To overcome the limitations of current nanofabrication techniques in terms of scalability and optical response.

Main Methods:

A universal method combining electrochemical templating and stepwise glancing angle deposition was employed.
Large-area samples (1.4 cm × 1.4 cm) were fabricated using this technique.
Ellipsometry-based circular dichroism measurements were used to characterize the chiroptical response.

Main Results:

A strong chiroptical response was observed with a circular dichroism (CD) value of 12,149 mdeg and an anisotropy factor of 0.82 at 700 nm.
Simulations revealed that the response stems from the resonant coupling of electric and magnetic dipole components.
Extrinsic chirality was found to be tunable by altering the incident light angle.

Conclusions:

The developed method significantly increases the production area by 4 orders of magnitude compared to conventional nanofabrication.
The fabricated metamaterials exhibit tunable polarization conversion, ranging from 1° to 32.6°.
This work presents a viable pathway for developing large-area, cost-effective polarizers, imaging devices, displays, and biosensors.