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Race and ethnicity data are significantly underreported in orthopaedic research, impacting the understanding of healthcare disparities. Standardized reporting is crucial for improving research quality and addressing inequities in patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic research
  • Health equity
  • Demographic reporting

Background:

  • Accurate demographic data, including race and ethnicity, are vital for orthopaedic research to address healthcare disparities.
  • Underreporting of race and ethnicity is a persistent issue in orthopaedic studies, limiting the ability to identify and address inequities.
  • This study addresses the critical need for comprehensive demographic data in orthopaedic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the frequency of race and ethnicity reporting in high-impact orthopaedic journals.
  • To identify trends in demographic reporting based on study characteristics and geographic location.
  • To quantify the extent of underreporting of race and ethnicity in orthopaedic literature.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of original research published from 2018-2020 in three leading orthopaedic journals: CORR, JBJS, and JOT.
  • Collection of data on publication date, study type, level of evidence, country, and demographic variables.
  • Comparison of reporting rates with US Census 2020 and global ethnic fractionalization data using a performance ratio (PR) to assess reporting accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Only 18.9% of studies reported race and 6.1% reported ethnicity, compared to high rates for sex (89.2%) and age (86.5%).
  • Reporting was higher in Level II studies and cross-sectional designs; US-based studies reported more frequently than international studies.
  • Significant variation in reporting rates and performance ratios was observed across different US states and countries, as well as between journals.

Conclusions:

  • Race and ethnicity are markedly underreported in orthopaedic research, hindering efforts to address healthcare disparities.
  • Implementing standardized guidelines and enforcement mechanisms for demographic data collection is essential.
  • Improved reporting of race and ethnicity will enhance research quality, identify healthcare inequities, and inform clinical practice for diverse patient populations.