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Trends in compounding assessment across U.S. PharmD programs.

Mary E Fredrickson1, Alexis N Crawford2, Jeanne E Frenzel3

  • 1Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH, United States of America.

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacy compounding education shows significant variability in assessment methods across U.S. programs. Standardized, evidence-based strategies are needed to improve skills and practice readiness for graduates.

Keywords:
AssessmentCompoundingCourse designNonsterile compoundingSterile compounding

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Skills Assessment
  • Compounding

Background:

  • Compounding education is a mandatory part of pharmacy curricula.
  • Significant variation exists in nonsterile and sterile compounding training and assessment methods across institutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify trends in nonsterile and sterile compounding skills assessment.
  • To guide the development of standardized, evidence-based assessment strategies.
  • To enhance educational quality and align with professional standards.

Main Methods:

  • Two cross-sectional surveys were distributed to members of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Laboratory Instructor's Special Interest Group.
  • Surveys collected data on instructional design, assessment tools, feedback, and faculty perceptions.
  • Descriptive and thematic analyses were used for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

Main Results:

  • Respondents from 31 (nonsterile) and 35 (sterile) institutions participated.
  • Nonsterile assessments were common in the first professional year; sterile assessments in the second.
  • Rubrics and checklists were primary assessment tools; over half of programs required competency demonstration for progression.

Conclusions:

  • Compounding skills assessment is inconsistent across U.S. pharmacy programs, despite agreement on core competencies.
  • There is a need for further research into essential compounding competencies and improved assessment methods.
  • Standardization efforts can enhance pharmacy graduates' practice readiness.