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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo
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Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Neutrophils to Enhance Radio-Immunotherapy.

Xulu Yang1, Shanshan Lang1, Tongtong Liu1

  • 1Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Cancer Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiotherapy recruits neutrophils that often promote tumors. This study developed hydrogel microspheres to reprogram neutrophils, turning them into anti-tumor allies and enhancing radio-immunotherapy for potent tumor eradication.

Keywords:
hydrogel microspheresneutrophil extracellular trapsneutrophil polarizationradio‐immunotherapytumor‐associated neutrophils

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Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties
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Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

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Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties
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Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophils with Anti-Tumor Properties

Published on: June 19, 2015

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Neutrophils are key innate immune cells recruited to tumors post-radiotherapy (RT).
  • Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) often adopt a pro-tumor N2 phenotype, promoting metastasis via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), limiting RT efficacy.
  • Reprogramming TANs is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an injectable hydrogel microsphere (HMP) system for reprogramming RT-induced TANs.
  • To investigate the combined effects of a TLR4 agonist and a PAD4 inhibitor delivered via HMPs on TAN phenotype, NET formation, and neutrophil lifespan.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of this strategy in combination with RT for tumor eradication in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • Co-loading lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist) and GSK484 (a PAD4 inhibitor) into injectable hydrogel microspheres (L/G@HMPs).
  • Administering L/G@HMPs to murine tumor models treated with RT.
  • Analyzing TAN phenotype (N1 vs. N2), NET formation, neutrophil lifespan, immune cell infiltration (CD8+ T cells), and tumor growth.

Main Results:

  • L/G@HMPs successfully redirected TAN polarization towards the anti-tumor N1 phenotype.
  • NET formation was significantly inhibited, and neutrophil lifespan was extended beyond 72 hours.
  • Combination therapy (RT + L/G@HMPs) induced robust innate and adaptive immune responses, increasing N1 TANs and CD8+ T cells, leading to potent tumor eradication.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogel microspheres offer a versatile platform for modulating neutrophil functions in the tumor microenvironment.
  • This strategy effectively transforms pro-tumorigenic neutrophils into anti-tumor effectors, enhancing radio-immunotherapy.
  • Targeting neutrophil phenotype, lifespan, and NETs concurrently presents a promising approach for improving cancer treatment.